Python Application

Python Applications

Python supports cross-platform operating systems which makes building applications with it all the more convenient. Some of the globally known applications such as youtube, BitTorrent, DropBox, etc. use Python to achieve their functionality.

1. Web Development

Python can be used to make web-application at a rapid rate. Why is that? It is because of the frameworks Python uses to create these applications. There is common-backend logic that goes into making these frameworks and a number of libraries that can help integrate protocols such as HTTPS, FTP, SSL etc. and even help in the processing of JSON, XML, E-Mail and so much more.

Some of the most well-known frameworks are Django, Flask, Pyramid. Why use a framework? The security, scalability, convenience that they provide is unparalleled compared to starting the development of a website from scratch.

2. Game Development

Python is also used in the development of interactive games. There are libraries such as PySoy which is a 3D game engine supporting Python 3, PyGame which provides functionality and a library for game development. Games such as Civilization-IV, Disney’s Toontown Online, Vega Strike etc. have been built using Python.

3. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence are the talks of the town as they yield the most promising careers for the future. We make the computer learn based on past experiences through the data stored or better yet, create algorithms which makes the computer learn by itself. The programming language that mostly everyone chooses? It’s Python. Why? Support for these domains with the libraries that exist already such as Pandas, Scikit-Learn, NumPy and so many more.

Learn the algorithm, use the library and you have your solution to the problem. It is that simple. But if you want to go the hardcore way, you can design your own code which yields a better solution, which still is much easier compared to other languages.

4. Data Science and Data Visualization

Data is money if you know how to extract relevant information which can help you take calculated risks and increase profits. You study the data you have, perform operations and extract the information required. Libraries such as Pandas, NumPy help you in extracting information.

You can even visualize the data libraries such as Matplotlib, Seaborn, which are helpful in plotting graphs and much more. This is what Python offers you to become a Data Scientist.

5. Desktop GUI

Python can be used to program desktop applications. It provides the Tkinter library that can be used to develop user interfaces. There are some other useful toolkits such as the wxWidgets, Kivy, PYQT that can be used to create applications on several platforms.

You can start out with creating simple applications such as Calculators, To-Do apps and go ahead and create much more complicated applications.

6. Web Scraping Applications

Python can be used to pull a large amount of data from websites which can then be helpful in various real-world processes such as price comparison, job listings, research and development and much more. Python has a library called BeautifulSoup which can be used to pull such data and be used accordingly. Here’s a full-fledged guide to learn Web scraping with Python.

7. Business Applications

Business Applications are different than our normal applications covering domains such as e-commerce, ERP and many more. They require applications which are scalable, extensible and easily readable and Python provides us with all these features. Platforms such as Tryton can be used to develop such business applications.

                                                 8. Audio and Video Applications

Python can be used to develop applications that can multi-task and also output media. Video and audio applications such as TimPlayer, Cplay have been developed using Python libraries and they provide better stability and performance compared to other media players.

9. CAD Applications

Computer-Aided Designing is a very complicated application to make as many things have to be taken care of. Objects and their representation, functions are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to something like this. Python makes this simple too and the most well-known application for CAD is Fandango.Computer-Aided Designing is a very complicated application to make as many things have to be taken care of. Objects and their representation, functions are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to something like this. Python makes this simple too and the most well-known application for CAD is Fandango.

10. Embedded Applications

Python is based on C which means that it can be used to create Embedded C software for embedded applications. This helps us to perform higher-level applications on smaller devices which can compute Python.

software for embedded applications. This helps us to perform higher-level applications on smaller devices which can compute Python.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of HTML Language?

Advantages:

• HTML is widely used.
• Every browser supports HTML Language.
• Easy to learn and use.
• Do not need to purchase any extra software because it is by default in every window.

Disadvantages:

• HTML can create only static and plain pages so if we need dynamic pages then HTML is not useful.
• I need to write a lot of code for making a simple webpage.
• Security features are not good at HTML.
• If we need to write long code for making a webpage then it produces some complexity.

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Advantage And Disadvantage of JavaScript?

Advantages of JavaScript

Firstly, we will discuss the benefits or advantages of using JavaScript –

1. Speed

Since JavaScript is an ‘interpreted’ language, it reduces the time required by other programming languages like Java for compilation. JavaScript is also a client-side script, speeding up the execution of the program as it saves the time required to connect to the server.

2. Simplicity

JavaScript is easy to understand and learn. The structure is simple for the users as well as the developers. It is also very feasible to implement, saving developers a lot of money for developing dynamic content for the web.

3. Popularity

Since all modern browsers support JavaScript, it is seen almost everywhere. All the famous companies use JavaScript as a tool including Google, Amazon, PayPal, etc.

4. Interoperability

JavaScript works perfect with other programming languages and therefore numerous developers prefer it in developing many applications. We can embed it into any webpage or inside the script of another programming language.

5. Server Load

As JavaScript operates on the client-side, data validation is possible on the browser itself rather than sending it off to the server. In case of any discrepancy, the whole website needs not to be reloaded. The browser updates only the selected segment of the page.

6. Rich Interfaces

JavaScript provides various interfaces to developers for creating catchy webpages. Drag and drop components or sliders may give a rich interface to the webpages. This leads to improved user-interactivity on the webpage.

7. Extended Functionality

Third-party add-ons like Greasemonkey (a Mozilla Firefox extension) allow the developers to add snippets of predefined code in their code to save time and money. These add-ons help the developers build JavaScript applications a lot faster and with much more ease than other programming languages.

8. Versatility

JavaScript is now capable of front-end as well as back-end development. Back-end development uses NodeJS while many libraries help in front-end development like AngularJS, ReactJS, etc.

9. Less Overhead

JavaScript improves the performance of websites and web applications by reducing the code length. The codes contain less overhead with the use of various built-in functions for loops, DOM access, etc.

 

Disadvantages of JavaScript

Now after discussing the advantages of using JavaScript, its time to have a look at some disadvantages of using JavaScript which we have briefly discussed below –

1. Client-side Security

Since the JavaScript code is viewable to the user, others may use it for malicious purposes. These practices may include using the source code without authentication. Also, it is very easy to place some code into the site that compromises the security of data over the website.

2. Browser Support

The browser interprets JavaScript differently in different browsers. Thus, the code must be run on various platforms before publishing. The older browsers don’t support some new functions and we need to check them as well.

3. Lack of Debugging Facility

Though some HTML editors support debugging, it is not as efficient as other editors like C/C++ editors. Also, as the browser doesn’t show any error, it is difficult for the developer to detect the problem.

4. Single Inheritance

JavaScript only supports single inheritance and not multiple inheritance. Some programs may require this object-oriented language characteristic.

5. Sluggish Bitwise Function

JavaScript stores a number as a 64-bit floating-point number and operators operate on 32-bit bitwise operands. Thus, JavaScript converts the number to 32-bits signed integers, operates on them and converts them back to 64-bits JavaScript numbers. This continuous conversion takes more time in conversion of number to an integer. This increases the time needed to run the script and reduces its speed.

6. Rendering Stopped

A single code error can stop the rendering of the entire JavaScript code on the website. To the user, it looks as if JavaScript was not present. However, the browsers are extremely tolerant of these errors.

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What Is JavaScript?

JavaScript is the Programming Language for the Web.

JavaScript can update and change both HTML and CSS.

JavaScript can calculate, manipulate and validate data.

JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language.

It is lightweight and most commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow client-side script to interact with the user and make dynamic pages.

It is an interpreted programming language with object-oriented capabilities

JavaScript was first known as LiveScript, but Netscape changed its name to JavaScript, possibly because of the excitement being generated by Java. 

JavaScript made its first appearance in Netscape 2.0 in 1995 with the name LiveScript. 

The general-purpose core of the language has been embedded in Netscape, Internet Explorer, and other web browsers.

Client-Side JavaScript

Client-side JavaScript is the most common form of the language. The script should be included in or referenced by an HTML document for the code to be interpreted by the browser.

It means that a web page need not be a static HTML, but can include programs that interact with the user, control the browser, and dynamically create HTML content.

The JavaScript client-side mechanism provides many advantages over traditional CGI server-side scripts. For example, you might use JavaScript to check if the user has entered a valid e-mail address in a form field.

The JavaScript code is executed when the user submits the form, and only if all the entries are valid, they would be submitted to the Web Server.

JavaScript can be used to trap user-initiated events such as button clicks, link navigation, and other actions that the user initiates explicitly or implicitly.

JavaScript Development Tools

One of major strengths of JavaScript is that it does not require expensive development tools. You can start with a simple text editor such as Notepad. Since it is an interpreted language inside the context of a web browser, you don't even need to buy a compiler.

To make our life simpler, various vendors have come up with very nice JavaScript editing tools. Some of them are listed here −

• Microsoft FrontPage − Microsoft has developed a popular HTML editor called FrontPage. FrontPage also provides web developers with a number of JavaScript tools to assist in the creation of interactive websites.
• Macromedia Dreamweaver MX − Macromedia Dreamweaver MX is a very popular HTML and JavaScript editor in the professional web development crowd. It provides several handy prebuilt JavaScript components, integrates well with databases, and conforms to new standards such as XHTML and XML.
• Macromedia HomeSite 5 − HomeSite 5 is a well-liked HTML and JavaScript editor from Macromedia that can be used to manage personal websites effectively.

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What is HTML Language?

• HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. 

 

• HTML was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. 

• The first ever version of HTML was HTML 1.0 but the first standard version was HTML 2.0 which was published in 1999. 

 

• It allows the user to create and structure sections, paragraphs, headings, links, and blockquotes for web pages and applications.

 

• HTML is a computer language devised to allow website creation.

 

• These websites can then be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet. 

 

• It is relatively easy to learn, with the basics being accessible to most people in one sitting; and quite powerful in what it allows you to create.  

 

• HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup language.

 

•  Hypertext defines the link between the web pages. Markup language is used to define the text document within tag which defines the structure of web pages. 

 

• This language is used to annotate (make notes for the computer) text so that a machine can understand it and manipulate text accordingly. 

 

• Most of markup (e.g. HTML) languages are human readable. Language uses tags to define what manipulation has to be done on the text.

 

• HTML is a markup language which is used by the browser to manipulate text, images and other content to display it in required format. 

How Does HTML Work?

• HTML documents are files that end with a .html or .htm extension. You can view then using any web browser (such as Google Chrome, Safari, or Mozilla Firefox). The browser reads the HTML file and renders its content so that internet users can view it.

 

• Usually, the average website includes several different HTML pages. For instance: home pages, about pages, contact pages would all have separate HTML documents.

 

• Each HTML page consists of a set of tags (also called elements), which you can refer to as the building blocks of web pages. They create a hierarchy that structures the content into sections, paragraphs, headings, and other content blocks.

 

• Most HTML elements have an opening and a closing that use the <tag></tag> syntax.

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Explain Architecture Of .Net Framework

• .NET is a framework to develop software applications. It is designed and developed by Microsoft and the first beta version released in 2000.
• It is used to develop applications for web, Windows, phone. Moreover, it provides a broad range of functionalities and support.

·The .NET Framework is composed of four main components:

1)Common Language Runtime (CLR)

2)Framework Class Library (FCL),

3)Core Languages (WinForms, ASP.NET, and ADO.NET)

4)Other Modules (WCF, WPF, WF, Card Space, LINQ, Entity Framework, Parallel LINQ, Task Parallel Library, etc.)

1. CLR (Common Language Runtime)

• It is a program execution engine that loads and executes the program. 
• It converts the program into native code.
• It acts as an interface between the framework and operating system. 
• It does exception handling, memory management, and garbage collection. Moreover, it provides security, type-safety, interoperability, and portablility. 

A list of CLR components are given below:

• CLR is the basic and Virtual Machine component of the .NET Framework.
• It is the run-time enviornment in the .NET Framework that runs the codes and helps in making the development process easier by providing the various services.

2)FCL (Framework Class Library)

• it is a standard library that is a collection of thousands of classes and used to build an application. The BCL (Base Class Library) is the core of the FCL and provides basic functionalities.

It contains thousands of classes that supports the following functions.

• Base and user-defined data types
• Support for exceptions handling
• input/output and stream operations
• Communications with the underlying system
• Access to data
• Ability to create Windows-based GUI applications
• Ability to create web-client and server applications
• Support for creating web services

3) MSIL:-

• Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) is a language used as the output of a number of compilers (C#, VB, .NET, and so forth).

• In the traditional compilation process, the executable file is binary and can be executed by the operating system immediately.

• However, in the managed environment of .NET, the file produced by the compiler (the C# compiler in our case) is not an executable binary.

• Instead, it is an assembly, which contains metadata and intermediate language (IL) code.

• The C# compiler produces IL as part of an assembly’s output.

• This is the responsibility of the JIT compiler.

• The JIT compiler only compiles code before the first time that it executes.

• After the IL is compiled to machine code by the JIT compiler, the CLR holds the compiled code in a working set.

4)CLS:-

• CLS stands for Common Language Specification and it is a subset of CTS.

•  It defines a set of rules and restrictions that every language must follow which runs under the .NET framework.

• The languages which follow these set of rules are said to be CLS Compliant.

• In simple words, CLS enables cross-language integration or Interoperability.

• Common Language Specification (CLS) defines the rules and standards to which languages on dotnet platform must adhere to in order to be compatible with other .

• NET languages. Because of CLS in CLR it enables C# developers to inherit from classes defined in VB.NET or other .NET compatible languages.

• This is one big advantage working with CLR environment and dotnet languages.

5)CTS:-

• CTS stands for Common Type System. It defines the rules which Common Language Runtime follows when declaring, using, and managing types.

The common type system performs the following functions:

1. It enables cross-language integration, type safety, and high-performance code execution.
2. It provides an object-oriented model for the implementation of many programming languages.
3. It defines rules that every language must follow which runs under .NET framework. It ensures that objects written in different .NET languages like C#, VB.NET, F# etc. can interact with each other.

• The common type system defines how types are declared, used, and managed in the common language runtime, and is also an important part of the runtime's support for cross-language integration.

• Common Type System (CTS) is a standard that specifies how type definitions and specific values of types are represented in computer memory.

• It is intended to allow programs written in different programming languages to easily share information

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Advantage and Disadvantage of android Language?

Advantages Android

• Android Is More Customizable Can change almost anything.
• In Android, any new publication can be done easily and without any review process
• Use a Different Messaging App for SMS
• Android Offers an Open Platform
• Easy access to the Android App Market
• Cost Effective
• Upcoming versions have a support to save RAW images
• Built in Beta Testing and staged rollout
• Native integration with Google cloud storage. 15GB free, $2/mo for 100GB, 1TB for $10. Apps available for Amazon Photos, OneDrive and Dropbox.
• Booming Job Prospects

Disadvantages Android

• Usually you need more code on Java than Objective-C.
• Complex layouts and animations are harder to code in Android.
• Applications contains virus also present in Android Market
• A lot of “process” in the background that lead to the battery quickly drains.
• Advertise , will always be ads on display, either the top or bottom of the application.
• Low security and fake apps can be installed to steal your info from unknown resources
• High device fragmentation

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What is Android Language?

• Android OS uses touch inputs to manipulate on the screen objects, It uses the virtual keyboard, It was designed for touch screen input, it has been used by in-game equipment, the cameras, PC’s and other electronic devices.

• It is the most widely used operating system, It is the highest-selling mobile operating system nowadays, Over 1 billion users already using this operating system mobile, This is open source and anyone can use to build the applications.

• Android is an open source and Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.

•  Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. This tutorial will teach you basic Android programming and will also take you through some advance concepts related to Android application development.

• Android is a complete set of software for mobile devices such as tablet computers, notebooks, smartphones, electronic book readers, set-top boxes etc.

• It contains a linux-based Operating System, middleware and key mobile applications.

• It can be thought of as a mobile operating system. But it is not limited to mobile only. 

• It is currently used in various devices such as mobiles, tablets, televisions etc.

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Advantage and Disadvantage of C++ Language?

Advantages of C++

1. Portability

C++ offers the feature of portability or platform independence which allows the user to run the same program on different operating systems or interfaces at ease.

Suppose you write a program in LINUX OS and for some apparent reason you switch to Windows OS, you would be able to run the same program in windows as well without any error. This feature proves to be of great convenience to the programmer.

2. Object-oriented

One of the biggest advantages of C++ is the feature of object-oriented programming which includes concepts like classes, inheritance, polymorphism, data abstraction, and encapsulation that allow code reusability and makes a program even more reliable.

Not only this, it helps us deal with real-world problems by treating data as an object. C lacked this feature and hence it was created, proving to be of great significance.

3. Multi-paradigm

C++ is a multi-paradigm programming language. The term “Paradigm” refers to the style of programming. It includes logic, structure, and procedure of the program. Generic, imperative, and object-oriented are three paradigms of C++.

Let us now try to understand what generic programming means. Generic programming refers to the use of a single idea to serve several purposes. Imperative programming, on the other hand, refers to the use of statements that change a program’s state.

4. Low-level Manipulation

Since C++ is closely associated with C, which is a procedural language closely related to the machine language, C++ allows low-level manipulation of data at a certain level. Embedded systems and compiler are created with the help of C++.

5. Memory Management

C++ gives the programmer the provision of total control over memory management. This can be considered both as an asset and a liability as this increases the responsibility of the user to manage memory rather than it being managed by the Garbage collector. This concept is implemented with the help of DMA (Dynamic memory allocation) using pointers.

6. Large Community Support

C++ has a large community that supports it by providing online courses and lectures, both paid and unpaid. Statistically speaking, C++ is the 6th most used and followed tag on StackOverflow and GitHub.

7. Compatibility with C

C++ is pretty much compatible with C. Virtually, every error-free C program is a valid C++ program. Depending on the compiler used, every program of C++ can run on a file with .cpp extension.

8. Scalability

Scalability refers to the ability of a program to scale. It means that the C++ program is capable of running on a small scale as well as a large scale of data. We can also build applications that are resource intensive.

Disadvantages of C++

1. Use of Pointers

Pointers in C/C++ are a relatively difficult concept to grasp and it consumes a lot of memory. Misuse of pointers like wild pointers may cause the system to crash or behave anomalously.

2. Security Issue

Although object-oriented programming offers a lot of security to the data being handled as compared to other programming languages that are not object-oriented, like C, certain security issues still exist due to the availability of friend functions, global variables and, pointers.

3. Absence of Garbage Collector

As discussed earlier, C++ gives the user complete control of managing the computer memory using DMA. C++ lacks the feature of a garbage collector to automatically filter out unnecessary data.

4. Absence of Built-in Thread

C++ does not support any built-in threads. Threads is a relatively new concept in C++ which wasn’t initially there. Now, C++ is capable of supporting lambda functions.

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Advantage and Disadvantage of C Language?

1. Advantages of C Programming Language

1.1. Building block for many other programming languages

C is considered to be the most fundamental language that needs to be studied if you are beginning with any programming language. Many programming languages such as Python, C++, Java, etc are built with the base of the C language.

1.2. Powerful and efficient language

C is a robust language as it contains many data types and operators to give you a vast platform to perform all kinds of operations.

1.3. Portable language

C is very flexible, or we can say machine independent that helps you to run your code on any machine without making any change or just a few changes in the code.

1.4. Built-in functions

There are only 32 keywords in ANSI C, having many built-in functions. These functions are helpful when building a program in C.

1.5. Quality to extend itself

Another crucial ability of C is to extend itself. We have already studied that the C language has its own set of functions in the C library. So, it becomes easy to use these functions. We can add our own functions to the C Standard Library and make code simpler.

1.6. Structured programming language

C is structure-based. It means that the issues or complex problems are divided into smaller blocks or functions. This modular structure helps in easier and simpler testing and maintenance.

1.7. Middle-level language

C is a middle-level programming language that means it supports high-level programming as well as low-level programming. It supports the use of kernels and drivers in low-level programming and also supports system software applications in the high-level programming language.

1.8. Implementation of algorithms and data structures

The use of algorithms and data structures in C has made program computations very fast and smooth. Thus, the C language can be used in complex calculations and operations such as MATLAB.

1.9. Procedural programming language

C follows a proper procedure for its functions and subroutines. As it uses procedural programming, it becomes easier for C to identify code structure and to solve any problem in a specific series of code. In procedural programming C variables and functions are declared before use.

1.10. Dynamic memory allocation

C provides dynamic memory allocation that means you are free to allocate memory at run time. For example, if you don’t know how much memory is required by objects in your program, you can still run a program in C and assign the memory at the same time.

1.11. System-programming

C follows a system based programming system. It means the programming is done for the hardware devices.

2. Disadvantages of C Programming language

1. Concept of OOPs

C is a very vast language, but it does not support the concept of OOPs (Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, Abstraction, Data Hiding). C simply follows the procedural programming approach.

2. Run-time checking

In the C programming language, the errors or the bugs aren’t detected after each line of code. Instead, the compiler shows all the errors after writing the program. It makes the checking of code very complex in large programs.

3. Concept of namespace

C does not implement the concept of namespaces. A namespace is structured as a chain of commands to allow the reuse of names in different contexts. Without namespaces, we cannot declare two variables of the same name.

But, C programming lacks in this feature, and hence you cannot define a variable with the same name in C.

4. Lack of Exception Handling

Exception Handling is one of the most important features of programming languages. While compiling the code, various anomalies and bugs can occur. Exception Handling allows you to catch the error and take appropriate responses. However, C does not exhibit this important feature.

5. Constructor or destructor

C does not have any constructor or destructor.

Constructors & Destructors support basic functionality of Object Oriented Programming. Both are member functions that are created as soon as an object of the class is created. You will be studying constructor and destructor in detail later on.

6. Low level of abstraction

C is a small and core machine language that has minimum data hiding and exclusive visibility that affects the security of this language.

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